ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018

Written on 31/03/2020
Tim Kelly


The ISPAD Guidelines 2018 are now online!

ISPAD’s Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines are the only comprehensive set of clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults with diabetes worldwide!  Authors include experts from across the globe and a chapter on limited care for developing healthcare systems has also been developed.

Download your new ISPAD Guidelines HERE or see below!


The distribution of the ISPAD Guidelines 2018 is kindly supported by Lilly Diabetes*.

*Lilly Diabetes had no influence on the contents or scope of the ISPAD Guidelines 2018


 Editors: Carlo L. Acerini, Ethel Codner, Maria E. Craig, Sabine E. Hofer and David M. Maahs (Editor in Chief)

Editorial: ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: What is New in Diabetes Care?

Ethel Codner, Carlo L. Acerini, Maria E. Craig, Sabine E. Hofer and David M. Maahs


Chapter 1: Definition, epidemiology, diagnosis and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents

Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Anna R. Kahkoska, Craig Jefferies, Dana Dabelea, Naby Balde, Chun Xiu Gong, Pablo Aschner and Maria E. Craig


Chapter 2: Stages of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents

Jenny J Couper, Michael J Haller, Carla J Greenbaum, Anette-Gabriele Ziegler, Diane K Wherrett, Mikael Knip and Maria E Craig


Chapter 3: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus in youth

Phil Zeitler, Silva Arslanian, Junfen Fu, Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, Thomas Reinehr, Nikhil Tandon, Tatsuhiko Urakami, Jencia Wong and David M Maahs


Chapter 4: The Diagnosis and management of monogenic diabetes in children and adolescents

Andrew T. Hattersley, Siri Atma W Greeley, Michel Polak, Oscar Rubio-Cabezas, Pål R Njølstad, Wojciech Mlynarski, Luis Castano, Annelie Carlsson, Klemens Raile, Dung Vu Chi, Sian Ellard and Maria E Craig 


Chapter 5: Management of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes in children and adolescents

Antoinette Moran, Kubendran Pillay, Dorothy Becker, Andrea Gradados, Shihab Hameed and Carlo L. Acerini


Chapter 6: Diabetes Education in children and adolescents

Helen Phelan, Karin Lange, Eda Cengiz, Patricia Gallego, Edna Majaliwa, Julie Pelicand, Carmel Smart and Sabine E. Hofer


Chapter 7: The Delivery of ambulatory diabetes care to children and adolescents with diabetes

Catherine Pihoker, Gun Forsander, Bereket Fantahun, Anju Virmani, Sarah Corathers, Paul Benitez- Aguirre, Junfen Fu and David M. Maahs


Chapter 8: Glycemic control targets and glucose monitoring for children, adolescents, and young adults with diabetes

Linda A. DiMeglio, Carlo L. Acerini, Ethel Codner, Maria E. Craig, Sabine E. Hofer, Kubendran Pillay and David M. Maahs


Chapter 9: Insulin treatment in children and adolescents with diabetes

Thomas Danne,  Moshe Phillip, Bruce Buckingham, Przemyslawa Jarosz-Chobot, Banshi Saboo, Tatsuhiko Urakami, Tadej Battelino, Ragnar Hanas and Ethel Codner 


Chapter 10: Nutritional management in children and adolescents with diabetes

Carmel E. Smart, Francesca Annan, Laurie A. Higgins, Elisabeth Jelleryd, Mercedes Lopez and Carlo L. Acerini


Chapter 11: Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hypersmolar state

Joseph I. Wolfsdorf, Nicole Glaser, Michael Agus, Maria Fritsch, Ragnar Hanas, Arleta Rewers, Mark A. Sperling and Ethel Codner


Chapter 12: Assessment and management of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with diabetes

Mary B Abraham, Timothy W. Jones, Diana Naranjo, Beate Karges, Abiola Oduwole, Martin Tauschmann and David M. Maahs


Chapter 13: Sick day management in children and adolescents with diabetes

Lori Laffel, Catarina Limbert, Helen Phelan, Anju Virmani, Jamie Wood and Sabine Hofer


Chapter 14: Exercise in children and adolescents with diabetes

Peter Adolfsson, Michael C Riddell, Craig E Taplin, Elizabeth A Davis, Paul A Fournier, Francesca Annan, Andrea E Scaramuzza, Dhruvi Hasnani and Sabine E. Hofer


Chapter 15: Management of children & adolescents with diabetes requiring surgery

Craig Jefferies, Erinn Rhodes, Marianna Rachmiel, Agwu Juliana Chizo, Thomas Kapellen, Mohamed Ahmet Abdulla and Sabine E. Hofer


Chapter 16: Psychological care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Alan M. Delamater, Maartje de Wit, Vincent McDarby, Jamil A. Malik, Marisa E. Hilliard, Elisabeth Northam and Carlo L. Acerini


Chapter 17: Diabetes in Adolescence

Fergus J Cameron, Katherine Garvey, Korey Hood, Carlo L. Acerini C and Ethel Codner


Chapter 18: Microvascular and macrovascular complications in children and adolescents

Kim C Donaghue, Loredana Marcovecchio, R Paul Wadwa, Emily Y Chew, Tien Wong, Luis Eduardo Calliari, Bedowra Zabeen, Mona A Salem and Maria E Craig


Chapter 19: Other complications and associated conditions in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Farid H Mahmud, Nancy S Elbarbary, Elke Fröhlich-Reiterer, Reinhard W Holl, Olga Kordonouri, Mikael Knip, Kimber Simmons and Maria E Craig


Chapter 20: Management and support of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in school

Natasa Bratina, Gun Forsander, Francesca Annan, Tim Wysocki, Jessica Pierce, Luis Eduardo Calliari, Danièle Pacaud, Peter Adolfsson, Klemen Dovč, Angie Middlehurst, Peter Goss, Jennifer Goss, Staffan Janson and Carlo L. Acerini


Chapter 21: Diabetes Technologies

Jennifer L Sherr, Martin Tauschmann, Tadej Battelino, Martin de Bock, Gregory Forlenza, Rossana Roman, Korey Hood and David M Maahs


Chapter 22: Introduction to the Limited Care Guidance Appendix

Ethel Codner, Carlo Acerini, Maria E Craig, Sabine Hofer and David Maahs


Chapter 23: Limited Care Guidance Appendix

Ethel Codner, Carlo Acerini, Maria E Craig, Sabine Hofer and David Maahs


Additional Chapter - (published July 20, 2017): Managing diabetes in preschool children

Sundberg S, Barnard K, Cato A, de Beaufort C, DiMeglio L, Dooley G, Hershey T, Hitchcock J, Jain V, Weissberg-Benchell J, Rami-Merhar B, Smart C, Hanas R


Additional Chapter - (published October 28, 2019): Fasting during Ramadan by young people with diabetes

Asma Deeb, Nancy Elbarbary, Carmel E Smart, Salem A Beshyah, Abdelhadi Habeb, Sanjay Kalra, Ibrahim Al Alwan,  Amir Babiker, Reem Al Amoudi, Aman Bhakti Pulungan, Khadija Humayun, Umer Issa,
Mohamed Yazid Jalaludin, Rakesh Sanhay, Zhanay Akanov, Lars Krogvold, Carine de Beaufort